Excellent
7,486 reviews
Start your S Corp at $0 + state filing fees
Before going into the details, here is your quick checklist for starting an S Corp in Alabama.
An S corporation is a federal tax classification under Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code. It is not a standalone business structure.
An eligible Alabama LLC or C corporation files IRS Form 2553 to request S corp status. Once approved, the business does not pay federal corporate income tax on its profits. Instead, income and losses pass through directly to shareholders' personal tax returns, where they are taxed at the individual level.
To start an S corporation in Alabama, you first form a business entity, either an LLC or a C corporation, through the Alabama Secretary of State.
After your entity is active, you file Form 2553 with the IRS within the required deadline. Alabama recognizes the federal S corp election and requires S corporations to file Alabama Form 20S annually with the Alabama Department of Revenue as an informational return confirming your pass-through tax treatment.
Filing Form 2553 on time is one of the most important steps in the process. Miss the window and your election will not take effect until the following tax year.
| Scenario | Deadline | Effective Tax Year |
|---|---|---|
| Existing business, calendar year | March 16, 2026 | 2026 |
| New business formed January 15, 2026 | April 1, 2026 | 2026 |
| New business formed June 1, 2026 | August 15, 2026 | 2026 |
| Filed during prior year (2025) | December 31, 2025 | 2026 |
For existing calendar-year businesses, IRS rules require you to file Form 2553 by the 15th day of the third month of the tax year. In 2026, March 15 falls on a Sunday, so the deadline shifts to March 16, 2026.
New businesses have 2 months and 15 days from their formation date to file. Miss that window, and you will need to request a late election with a reasonable cause statement, or wait until the following tax year for the election to take effect.
If you wanted your S corp election to take effect at the start of 2026, you could have filed Form 2553 at any point during calendar year 2025. For all 2026 filings, use the deadlines above.
LLC members who do not elect S corp status pay self-employment tax (15.3%) on all net profits from the business. With an S corp election, you split your income between a W-2 salary and distributions. Only your salary is subject to payroll taxes. Distributions are not, which can produce meaningful savings at higher income levels.[1]
As an S Corp owner, you pay yourself a reasonable salary for the work you do in the business. Any remaining profits can then be taken as distributions. Distributions are not subject to self-employment taxes, which allows you to keep more of what your business earns while staying fully compliant with IRS requirements.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act allows qualifying S corp owners to deduct up to 20% of their qualified business income (QBI) from their personal tax returns under Section 199A. Distributions from an S corp may qualify for this deduction, reducing your taxable income further. W-2 salary payments do not qualify, so structuring your compensation correctly matters.[2]
Electing S corp status does not change your LLC's legal structure, operating agreement, or management setup. Your members run the business exactly as before. You keep the same liability protection and operational control. The only change is how the IRS treats your business income, not how Alabama recognizes your legal entity.
Operating with an S corp election signals that your Alabama LLC is built for sustainable, tax-efficient growth. It demonstrates to lenders, vendors, and clients that your business is structured and compliance-minded. This can make it easier to open business bank accounts, qualify for financing, and enter professional contracts in Alabama.
A C corporation pays federal income tax on its profits at the corporate level. When those profits are distributed to shareholders as dividends, shareholders pay income tax a second time on their personal returns. An S corp election eliminates this second tax layer. Profits pass through directly to shareholders and are only taxed once at the individual level.
S corp shareholders can deduct business losses on their personal tax returns, up to the amount of their basis in the company. C corporation shareholders have no equivalent benefit — losses stay at the corporate level. This pass-through of losses is particularly valuable during startup years or periods of lower revenue.
C corporations that retain earnings beyond reasonable business needs may be subject to the IRS accumulated earnings tax. S corporations avoid this penalty because profits pass through to shareholders each year rather than accumulating at the entity level. This gives Alabama S Corp owners more flexibility in how they manage earnings without triggering additional federal tax exposure.
C corporations file Form 1120 and manage corporate-level taxes separately from their shareholders' personal returns. S corporations file Form 1120-S, and each shareholder receives a Schedule K-1 reporting their share of income or loss. Many business owners find the S corp pass-through structure more manageable at tax time compared to maintaining separate corporate and personal tax layers.
Selling a C corporation can trigger taxation at two levels: the corporation pays tax on the gain from an asset sale, and shareholders pay again on distributions. An S corp election can allow a sale to be structured in a way that avoids this double layer of tax on the gain, potentially increasing after-tax proceeds when Alabama business owners plan an exit or ownership transfer.
An S corp is a tax classification, not a standalone entity. You must have an active Alabama LLC or C corporation registered with the state before you can file your IRS election. Here is how the full process works.
If you do not already have a registered Alabama business entity, your first step is to form one. Choose the structure that fits your business goals. An LLC is simpler to maintain and works well for most small business owners. A C corporation is a better fit if you need to attract investors or issue multiple classes of stock.
Forming an LLC before your S Corp election is the more common path. Here are the key steps:
For a full walkthrough of each step, visit our How to Start an LLC in Alabama guide.
If you need a corporate structure before your S Corp election, here are the steps to form a C Corp:
For a complete walkthrough, visit our How to Start a C Corporation in Alabama guide.
Already have an active Alabama LLC or C corporation? Skip directly to Step 2.
Once your Alabama LLC or C corporation is active, you file IRS Form 2553, the Election by a Small Business Corporation, to officially request S corp tax treatment from the Internal Revenue Service. This single form changes how the federal government taxes your business income from that point forward.
Form 2553 collects the following information:
All shareholders must sign the consent portion of the form before it is submitted. An unsigned form will be rejected by the IRS.
You can submit Form 2553 by mail or fax. There is no filing fee.
Faxing is typically faster than mailing. Keep your fax confirmation receipt. The IRS will send a CP261 notice to confirm acceptance of your S corporation election.[3]
If you file after the standard deadline, you may still be eligible for late election relief under IRS Revenue Procedure 2013-30, provided you meet certain requirements. See the section below on what to do if you miss the deadline.
Once your S corp election takes effect, IRS rules require you to pay yourself a W-2 salary if you work in the business. This is not optional. Owner-employees of S corporations cannot simply take all their compensation as distributions.
The IRS expects your salary to reflect what someone performing similar work, in the same industry, and in the same region would typically earn. There is no fixed formula, but the IRS flags S corps where owner salaries appear unusually low relative to distributions.
Setting your salary too low risks the IRS reclassifying distributions as wages, which would make them subject to payroll taxes. Setting it too high means you are paying more in payroll taxes than necessary.
Payroll adds ongoing administrative requirements to your business. Many Alabama S Corp owners work with a payroll provider or accountant from day one to keep their compliance records clean and accurate.
Every S corporation files its own federal tax return each year using IRS Form 1120-S. This is a separate return from your personal Form 1040, and it is due by March 15 of the year following your tax year for calendar-year S corporation.
Each shareholder receives a Schedule K-1 at tax time. This form shows their individual share of the S corp's income or loss. Shareholders use K-1 information to complete their personal federal tax returns. Alabama follows the federal pass-through structure, so shareholders also report their share of income on their personal Alabama state returns.
In addition to the federal Form 1120-S, Alabama S corporations must file the following with the Alabama Department of Revenue each year:
Alabama's standalone annual report requirement was eliminated in October 2024 (Act No. 2024-213). However, C corporations and S corporations are still required to attach Schedule AL-CAR to their CPT or PPT filing each year.
Once your S corp is active, there are ongoing requirements to stay in good standing. Here is what applies specifically to Alabama S corporations.
Alabama S corporations file Form 20S with the Alabama Department of Revenue each year. This is the state-level informational return that confirms your S corp's income passes through to shareholders' personal returns. It is separate from the federal Form 1120-S and must be filed annually to maintain your recognized S corp status in Alabama.
Alabama S corporation file Form PPT, the Business Privilege Tax Return for Pass-Through Entities, each year by March 15. You must attach Schedule AL-CAR to this filing. The BPT is calculated on your business's Alabama net worth. If your calculated tax is $100 or less, your S corp qualifies for the 2024 exemption and is not required to file or pay.
The IRS requires S corp owner-employees to receive a reasonable salary for work performed in the business. This salary is subject to payroll taxes. The IRS scrutinizes compensation levels in S Corp audits. Underpaying yourself to maximize distributions is one of the most common compliance issues the IRS reviews.
S corp owners who work in the business must be on the payroll. Federal employment taxes are deposited on a quarterly schedule using Form 941. If your Alabama S corp has employees, you must also register for Alabama withholding tax with the Department of Revenue and remit state withholding on schedule.
S corporations file Form 1120-S with the IRS each year by March 15 for calendar-year filers. This return reports total income, deductions, and credits, and issues Schedule K-1 to each shareholder. Missing the 1120-S deadline without an extension can result in IRS penalties, calculated per shareholder per month.
Alabama requires all businesses to hold a current Business Privilege License, obtained at the county level. Your S Corp may also carry professional licenses or industry-specific permits depending on your business type and location. Check with your Alabama county and relevant state agencies to confirm which renewals apply to your business each year.
Missing the IRS filing deadline does not automatically end your options. The IRS provides a path for late elections under Revenue Procedure 2013-30, as long as certain conditions are met.
To qualify for late election relief, your business must meet the following:
If you miss the March 16, 2026, deadline for the current tax year, your S corp election may still apply to 2026 if you file with a valid, reasonable cause explanation.
For LLCs filing a late election, you may also need to file IRS Form 8832 (Entity Classification Election) alongside Form 2553. This step is required when an LLC needs to first elect corporate tax treatment before the S corp designation can apply.
Late elections involve additional IRS review. Many business owners work with a formation service or tax professional to make sure the paperwork is complete and the reasonable cause statement is properly written before submission.
Circumstances change. There may come a point when S corp status no longer fits your business, and revoking the election is the right move.
To revoke the election, shareholders holding more than 50% of the company's stock must file a written revocation statement with the IRS service center where Form 2553 was originally submitted. There is no IRS form for this. It is a letter sent to the same Kansas City, MO address used for Form 2553.
File the revocation on or before March 16 of the current tax year (for calendar-year businesses), and it takes effect for that year. File it after that date, and the revocation takes effect the following year.
Once an S corp election is revoked, the entity generally cannot re-elect S corp status for five years without IRS consent.
If any of these situations apply to your Alabama business, it is worth reviewing your tax designation with a qualified accountant before filing a revocation.
